TPolitical overtones set hard to the core of the dualism maintained in Val Plumwood‟s Feminism and the Mastery of Nature. This paper ventures to contextualise Val Plumwood‟s understanding of dualism in the Manipuri folktale, “Sandrembi and Cheishra” in Folktales of Manipur. It construes the dualism maintained in ecofeminism contradictorily. The paper highlights Val Plumwood‟s tendency to reverse ecofeminist expectations. Ecofeminist standpoint of view stresses on the expression of dualism- man/nature and man/woman, foregrounding the gravity of importance on the second term; settling on the understanding that the first term is the threat to the second term in both the expressions, ignoring the possibility of the second term being the threat to the other second term in the other expression of dualism. On the contrary, Val Plumwood‟s Feminism and the Mastery of Nature stands up to the fact that “Women do not necessarily treat other women as sisters or the earth as mother; women are capable of conflict of domination and even, in the right circumstances of violence.”
Keywords: women, nature, deconstruction, ecofeminism, contextualisation

The proverb is a linguistic entity that is rhymed and rhythmic, which softens communication, makes it more musical, and adds value to it. Its musical structure enhances verbal exchange and catches the ear of the recipient. It also serves as a strong argument to reinforce the speaker's opinion or speech. The structure and problem of meaning in proverbs are the focus of this work. We are interested in a semio-pragmatic study that focuses on proverbs from the Beni Amir region, which have a thematic connection to agriculture and are inspired by the main activities of this population. Ethnology, anthropology, semiotics, linguistics, pragmatics, stylistics, and psycholinguistics, among others, consider proverbs as objects of study. As a genre of discourse, the proverb will be studied as an "Utterance" within the framework of pragmatics and discourse analysis. It is an autonomous discursive entity, short, using a gnomic tense, in the language of a speaker who is not its author, in conditions that are not original. The proverbs under study are extracted from the Beni Amir region in the city of Fkih ben salah, Morocco.
Keywords: proverb, pragmatics, discourse analysis, semiotics

In recent years there has been a broadening of the research in dance theory, where subjects like teaching methods and the way they affect dancers and the psychological effects of dance participation on the dancers of all levels, were investigated. Performance Methodology couldn‟t be exempt, as the stage is a major factor in dance creation for both professional and amateur dancers and has a deep effect on their psychological well-being (Nam S. M.& Park H.Y.& Kim M. J., 2024). Contemporary dance is considered an excellent field of experimentation by choreographers wanting to embrace a more dancer friendly environment as historically it has been a domain of cultural exploration and artistic collaboration (Chandnasaro D., 2025). In this paper we investigate the particularities of the Japanese methodology in contemporary dance creation, reflecting on its‟ attributes and logging our experiences, in search of an anthropocentric way of creating movement for the stage.
Keywords: Japanese Contemporary Dance, Japanese Contemporary Dance Methodology, Contemporary Dance Methodology.

Mianzhu New Year pictures, a vital form of China’s intangible cultural heritage, have historically conveyed symbolic meaning, aesthetic value, and ritual function. Yet their cultural relevance and public visibility have sharply declined. This study investigates two central questions: the underlying causes of this decline and the strategies through which the art form may be revitalized. Based on semi-structured interviews with ten stakeholders including artists, cultural practitioners, and local officials, and analyzed using thematic analysis, the findings identify five key factors contributing to declining recognition: loss of cultural relevance, competition from modern media, insufficient demand for value, functional decline, and lack of creativity. In response, four revitalization strategies have been proposed: innovating artistic forms, integrating cultural tourism, expanding promotion channels, and utilizing digital tools. These approaches reflect broader transformations in visual culture shaped by digital technology, shifting aesthetic norms, and changing generational attitudes. The study contributes to Visual Culture Theory by showing how traditional imagery must adapt in order to remain meaningful and resonant within contemporary society. It also offers a practical framework for sustaining intangible heritage through creative adaptation and multi-platform communication. Future research may explore comparative revitalization efforts in other regions or examine how different audiences engage with newly developed Nianhua-related products across digital and physical contexts.
Keywords: China; Declining Recognition; Mianzhu New Year Pictures; Revitalization Strategies

This literature review examines recent developments in research on English learning motivation among Chinese university students between 2018 and 2025. Grounded in established theoretical models such as Gardner’s Socio-Educational Model, Dörnyei’s L2 Motivational Self System, and Self-Determination Theory, the review identifies key research themes including motivational types, influencing factors, contextual variables, and methodological approaches. Findings reveal a growing shift toward dynamic and learner-centered perspectives, with increased attention to identity, emotional factors, and the role of digital learning environments. While quantitative research remains dominant, there is a notable rise in the use of structural equation modeling and mixed-methods designs. Despite these advances, several gaps persist, including a lack of longitudinal studies, limited qualitative inquiry, and insufficient contextualization of Western theories within the Chinese educational setting. This review highlights the evolving complexity of L2 motivation and underscores the need for more culturally grounded, process-oriented, and diversified research. It contributes to a deeper understanding of how motivation operates in contemporary Chinese higher education and provides practical implications for language educators and curriculum designers.
Keywords: English learning motivation; Chinese university students; literature review; second language acquisition

The core of this paper situates in the act of engaging the theoretical framework of Val Plumwood’s theory of dualism with the folktale “Hingchabigi Wari” in Huirem Behari Singh’s A study of Manipuri Meitei folklore. The exertions of Plumwood’s theory of dualism made on the narrative in the paper, offers a critical political analysis with respect to Plumwood’s “denial of dependency.” The climax of the paper gets heightened by a frame of reference of the “denial of dependency” in the storyline concerning the identification of the first term and second term with the characters like the second wife/ step-daughter and the demoness mother/step-daughter. Keeping the application of the theory in view, this paper is designed to expose the affairs involved in the narrative with the established theories like ecofeminism and deconstruction.
Keywords: Ecofeminism, folktale, dualism, denial of dependency, deconstruction.

Inefficient urban areas face numerous challenges and issues, which, if left unaddressed, will turn into critical neighborhoods in the future. Mashhad, as Iran’s second-largest metropolis, ranks first in the number of informal settlements, with these areas continuously expanding. Among the eight informal settlement zones in the city, the Al-Teymour district has the highest population density, housing approximately 24% of Mashhad’s marginalized population. This study aims to identify key factors of sustainable regeneration in Al-Teymour using a sustainable urban regeneration approach, ultimately contributing to improving the quality of life in Mashhad’s inefficient urban fabrics. The research is applied in purpose and descriptive-analytical in methodology. Data collection was based on documentary and library research, field surveys, and questionnaires (383 respondents). To achieve the research objectives, the study evaluates the instability of Al-Teymour and proposes sustainable urban regeneration strategies using the SWOT-QSPM technique. The final output includes prioritized strategies categorized into physical, environmental, social, economic, and managerial dimensions.
Keywords: inefficient urban fabrics, sustainable regeneration, Altimur district, Mashha

A concise account of study of Val Plumwood’s dualism in view of the Manipuri folktale “Lai Khutsangbi” takes the focal point of this paper.The study in this paper explores the effect of Plumwood’s inference on dualism in Feminism and the mastery of nature, “A dualism is more than a relation of dichotomy, difference, or non-identity, and more than a simple hierarchal relationship. In dualistic construction, as in hierarchy, the qualities (actual or supposed), the culture, the values and the areas of life associated with the dualized other are systematically and pervasively constructed and depicted as inferior.” The score of this study intended is to lay bare the cardinal culture of exercising literary theories in regional folktales.
Keywords: dualism, Manipuri, folktale, dichotomy, difference.

Affecting the constitution of the study conducted in this paper, the radical exclusion theory (hyperseparation) serves to be the operating mechanism to render the exposition of the construct of dualism. The study engaged in this paper commands aconsequential play of the hyperseparation theory in the Manipuri folktale “Sandrembi and Cheishra” in Dr. Haobam Bilashini Devi‟s Folktales of Manipur. Keeping the construct of hyperseparation concise and clear, Plumwood exerts the theory of hyperseparation in Feminism and the mastery of natureprimarily, to the dualisms- master/slave and men/women.This paper pursues an extension of the application of the theory to other dualisms- strong women/weak women, step-mother/step-daughter as such.
Keywords: radical exclusion, folktale, Manipur, dualism.

Exertion of the theory of linking postulates on the affairs structured in the folktale “Sandrembi and Cheishra” commands the core of this paper. The framework of this paper underscores the fundamental function of the theory of linking postulates that uncovers the root cause of problems. Foregrounding the practical use of the theory of linking postulates in “Sandrembi and Cheishra,’ this paper renders the regional folktale, “Sandrembi and Cheishra” in Haobam Bilashini Devi’s Folktales of Manipur, acquainted with the western theories like “linking postulates.” The proposition of this paper stands on generating a culture of employing literary theories on regional and globally less known folktales.
Keywords: Folktale, theory, linking postulates.

The paper extends a play of Val Plumwood‟s “linking postulates” in “Uchek Langmeidong” in Dr. Haobam Bilashini Devi‟s Folktales of Manipur. The undertaking of this paper involves spotting the dualisms in the narrative and discovery of the underlying cause of affairs. The target structured in this paper is to configure “linking postulates” between the identified dualisms in the narrative. In fact, the configuration contrived using the “linking postulates” in the narrative pursues the root cause of the issue attending the affairs of the narrative.
Keywords: linking postulates, folktales, Manipur, dualism.

Reflecting upon the conventional western thought of dualism, this study attends to the Val Plumwood’s understanding of dualism. The framework of this paper is contrived with the intent to score the consequence for the experimentation of Plumwood’s “backgrounding” in “Lai Khutsangbi” in Dr. Haobam Bilashini Devi’s Folktales of Manipur. Casting importance on the climax of the conflict in the hierarchy of dualism, Plumwood’s “backgrounding” theory is conceived with the target to challenge the configuration of dualism.
Keywords: dualism, folktale, Manipur, backgrounding.

The current study was an effort to discover the effect of teaching reading skill based on TPACK principles on EFL students’ reading comprehension performance. To achieve the purpose,106learnersat several language institutes in Borujerd, Lorestan province were selected. They took Oxford Placement Test and 48 intermediate-level students were randomly assigned into one experimental and one control groups. Then, both groups were pretested on reading to evaluate the learners’ reading knowledge at the beginning of the research. During the treatment, the experimental group received reading teaching based on TPACK principles. On the other hand, there were no TPACK principles in teaching reading sections for the control group. In other words, the control groups received the reading instruction based on conventional way of teaching. At last, to become aware of the students' achievement in reading skill after the treatment, the posttest was administered to both groups. Data were analyzed through a series of independent samples t-test to compare the groups' scores before and after the treatment. The findings revealed that teaching reading skill based on TPACK principles did have statistically significant effects on the students’ reading comprehension performance. Conversely, reading comprehension performance of the control group was not developed significantly in comparison with the experiment al group. Implications of the study suggest that that teaching reading skill based on TPACK principles can enhance Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension.
Keywords: Reading Comprehension, TPACK, Intermediate-level Learners

Casting highlights of this study, the cardinal construction of the paper stands on the pragmatic application of Plumwood’s theory of “denial of dependency” in the folktale, “Uchek Langmeidong” from Dr. Haobam Bilashini Devi’s Folktales of Manipur. The paper offers a deeper treatment of the “denial of dependency” in the affairs of the characters in the folktale; which entails the position of polarity in the theory of dualism. Extending deeper understanding of the theories in the context of the interrelationship between the characters in the folktale, this paper entertains a critical speculation on the nature of the characters, maintaining an alignment with the grounds of the first and second terms facilitated in Plumwood’s “denial of dependency.” The focal point of the paper lies in rendering the less known regional folktales like “Uchek Langmeidong” acquainted with latest literary theories like ecofeminism.

A fair play of “backgrounding” theory from Val Plumwood’s Feminism and the mastery of nature, occupies the central space of the paper. The study conducted in this paper concerns a play of “backgrounding” theory in the folktale “Uchek Langmeidong” from Dr. Haobam Bilashini Devi’s Folktales of Manipur. The conventional western theory of dualism is the foundational base, which the “backgrounding” dwells on. The course of action initiated in the study involves backgrounding the perspective of the first term in the dualistic relationship maintained in the folktale.

To a comprehensive extent, Plumwood’s “backgrounding” theory is explored in the folktale “Hingchabigi Wari” from Huirem Behari Singh’s A study of Manipuri Meitei Folklore, in terms of the dualistic relationships maintained in the folktale. The fundamental core of this study is stressed on the applicability of Plumwood’s “backgrounding” in the regional folktale “Hingchabigi Wari.” The polarising dualism that is applied extensively to men/women, master/slave, culture/nature as such, is extended to the binary polarity of psychologically and physically stronger women/vulnerable children as in the context of the folktale- step-mother/step-daughter and demoness/step-daughter.

This study explores the manipulation of space and form in contemporary landscape painting and examines the key research question of the role of space and form in shaping artists' self-expression. This study examines artists' understanding and manipulation of these elements, the impact of medium and technology on the clarity of expression, and their overall effectiveness in conveying personal narratives. This study uses Gestalt theory as a support and includes a literature review. Based on a three-stage studio investigation based on a studio research method - visual research (drawing), watercolor, gouache, acrylic painting experiments, and oil painting - this study shows how different media and techniques affect artistic expression. The results show that space and form are dynamic visual languages, and abstract forms and strategic use of color effectively encode personal experience. This study highlights the importance of space and form manipulation in landscape art education, practice, and criticism, and advocates for interdisciplinary research at the intersection of art, self-expression, and psychology. Ultimately, it provides a deeper understanding of the importance of these elements in shaping the artistic process, benefiting artists, educators, and art lovers.
Keywords: Contemporary Landscape Painting, Space, Form

Science education is increasingly recognized as a vital component of early childhood curricula. Beyond the transmission of content knowledge, early science instruction plays a critical role in fostering essential process skills such as observation, experimentation, problem-solving, and critical thinking. As Cabe Trundle (2015) highlights, introducing science in developmentally appropriate ways enables young children to engage with their environment through sensory exploration and inquiry. These early encounters not only lay the foundation for lifelong scientific learning but also nurture a sense of wonder and appreciation for the natural world. This study investigates the nature and practical applications of science games designed for young children, examining their potential to spark interest in science, build foundational scientific literacy, and cultivate inquiry-based thinking skills. Through this inquiry, the study aims to propose concrete and feasible directions for curriculum design and pedagogical practice, thereby enhancing the overall quality and effectiveness of early childhood science education.
Keywords: early childhood science education, play, young children

The present study focuses on enhancing the volunteering behavior of teachers in the Region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, through the implementation of a targeted intervention program. The objective of the research was to investigate the characteristics, perceptions and habits of teachers in relation to volunteering, as well as to evaluate the impact of the intervention on changing attitudes and enhancing their intention to participate in volunteer activities. The intervention program was designed to inform and raise awareness among teachers about the role of volunteering in modern society, emphasizing the European dimension of volunteering. As part of the program, targeted information material (links, videos, articles and information leaflets) was distributed, the profile of the European Volunteer was presented, and online lectures and discussions with experts were held. The program was concluded with the re-administration of a questionnaire (after the intervention) in order to record any change in the participants' attitudes. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the intervention had a positive effect on the key dimensions of volunteering, such as social contribution, personal empowerment and understanding of the social context of action. Participants showed increased levels of intention for future participation, improved understanding of the institutional and social role of the volunteer and greater acceptance of the values associated with active citizenship. The results indicate that similar interventions can function as effective tools for strengthening the volunteer culture in teachers, contributing substantially to both their professional development and social cohesion. This research enriches the field of scientific study of volunteerism in education, demonstrating the need to integrate volunteerism into the professional culture of teachers through organized and experiential educational initiatives.
Keywords: Volunteerism, Educators, Intervention program, Social participation, Attitudes and perceptions, EMTH Region

This study investigated external stakeholders‘ experiences and challenges of shared governance as practiced among the schools of Catbalogan City Division, Samar, Philippines. The themes obtained were results of an in-depth interview employing a qualitative research method conducted among forty (40) key informants (KIs). The experiences revealed three key themes: ‗Proper Communication‘, ‗Shared Responsibility‘, and ‗Collaboration‘. The first theme was significantly substantiated by ‗Disseminate information‘ and ‗Gets the consensus of the majority‘; the second theme was elaborated with ‗School assistance‘; and the third theme focused on ‗Inclusive participation in the decision-making‘. Nevertheless, four themes emerged as challenges of external stakeholders, to wit: ‗Implementation Inconsistencies‘, ‗Financial Constraints‘, ‗Lack of Communication‘, and ‗Conflict of Schedule‘. ‗No Clear Instructions‘ was a dominant response in the first theme. The second theme was evidenced by the sub-themes of the ‗Absence of school's counterpart‘ and ‗No budget for contribution‘. The third theme was primarily illustrated by the sub-theme of ‗Not well-informed‘. Lastly, the fourth theme was directly linked to the sub-theme of ‗Parental Time Constraint‘. Based on the results, it is recommended to strengthen and operationalize the shared governance team in each school, establish regular meetings to facilitate open dialogue among external stakeholders, school heads and teachers should exhaust all possible platforms (digital and notices) to ensure that all external stakeholders receive timely information, and collaborate with the provincial local government units, other non-governmental organizations, and the private sector to avoid halting the implementation of PPAs. Likewise, a structured avenue for external stakeholders to voice concerns and suggestions.
Keywords: shared responsibility, collaboration, consensus, school assistance